And they tapped into a broader, transregional network of Islamic scholars that extended primarily to Transoxiana but also to Daghestan, Afghanistan, India, and, increasingly in the late nineteenth century, to the Ottoman territories and Egypt. They weaved these connections into scholarly networks through kinship ties, letters, Sufi associations, and debates over the controversial issues of religion. Mobility and the long years of camaraderie in madrasa hostels enabled them to forge lasting connections with each other. Footnote 5 Islamic scholars, on the other hand, traveled extensively, especially during their years of education as madrasa students. They predominantly lived in the countryside as agricultural peasants or seasonal nomads until the collectivization campaigns of the early Soviet period, Footnote 4 and they rarely ventured beyond the surrounding area of their villages or market towns. The Volga-Ural Muslims were the subjects of an Orthodox Christian-ruled empire, their nobility was incapacitated by the Russian occupation, and they had very few big merchants until the late nineteenth century. The ability of Islamic scholars to connect to a broader Muslim universe had a critical significance for the Volga-Ural Muslims due to the absence or paucity of other agents who could have shared in this role. Islamic scholars had a central role in this exchange as its primary negotiators thanks to their skills and privileges in transmitting, interpreting, and authorizing the Islamic traditions and their ability to connect otherwise insulated Muslim communities to other Muslims in distant locations. When he left for Mecca, he traveled away from the physical space where his community was located, but he moved closer to the center of an extra- spatial medium of exchange, a Muslim domain, where Muslims connected to one another across time and space and negotiated their shared norms and imaginaries. İşmuhammed bin Zâhid's remarkable transformation while away from his village catapulted him from the Volga-Ural Muslims’ boundaries of tolerance to a model, ideal figure: an Islamic scholar. He died in 1840 at the age of one hundred. All of his four sons became scholars following their father's example, and his daughters married either scholars or notable persons. He became famous in the Volga-Ural region as an accomplished Islamic scholar and reciter. He earned his living by reciting the Qur'an in religious gatherings and by teaching. He married a second time after his return and had several children. We don't know what happened to his first wife. Finally, he had decided that it was time to settle down, and here he was, back in his village. Following this, he had studied in the madrasas of Cairo for eight years, and then traveled and studied in various other cities of the Ottoman Empire for several years. He had first gone to Mecca and performed the Hajj. None could have guessed what happened to him until he returned as a learned scholar of Islam twenty-five years later. Footnote 2 He married around the age of twenty-two, and one day, shortly after getting married, he walked away from his village without informing anybody. He made a name for himself with his singing and dancing at the drinking parties that he frequented, but he remained an inauspicious figure – the Volga-Ural Muslims at best tolerated the habitual drinker and merrymaker that he was. İşmuhammed bin Zâhid was born in 1740 in a Muslim village located midway between the cities of Orenburg and Kazan. An Islamic scholar from a village in the Cheliabinsk District, died in 1841
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![]() Ceramic tile is an excellent choice for a budget-conscious homeowner looking for a quality affordable alternative to porcelain. Use a clean cloth to dry your tile to add shine and to prevent spotting and streaking.ĭurability, water resistance, and easy maintenance are all great reasons to choose tile for your flooring. Buy wholesale shower, kitchen, and patio tiles for all customers. Just sweep or vacuum as needed and damp mop with a mild detergent or tile cleaner. A pressed porcelain tile with a textured surface resembling marble or slate may run around 4. Once your tile flooring is in place, maintenance is easy. Quality plays a major part, but so does the style, size, finish, and PEI rating. If you've got the experience to handle the job yourself, you'll find all the installation materials you'll need-such as cement backer board, trowels, mortar, and grout-all here at LL Flooring. We generally recommend enlisting professional help for a grout and mortar installation. Choose darker, more defined grain patterns for drama, or a light subtle design such as sheer linen for a smoother, more uniform look.Ĭeramic tile requires a smooth and stable subfloor to prevent cracking. Who says tile can’t be cozy? We offer ceramic tiles in an assortment of wood-grain and other looks so you can enjoy the aesthetics of hardwood or simplicity of linen even in the damp areas of your home. It’s also easier to cut, making it a good option for the DIYer. Although ceramic tile is more porous than porcelain tile, it still offers a high level of water resistance. Moreover, it's easy to keep ceramic flooring clear of dirt. A tile floor can stand up to the crashes, bumps, and dings of active households. Tile is formed out of clay and other ingredients that are pressed together, glazed, and baked to a hardened material. We offer a selection of affordable ceramic tiles in a variety of shades and wood-look designs that make for a lovely blend of form and function. It’s also water-resistant, so go ahead and use it for your bathroom, kitchen, or laundry room floors-or even your walls. A ceramic tile floor will bring durable and easy-to-maintain style to any level of your home. Working with Inkscape isn’t quite as seamless as using Adobe Illustrator. A wide array of export file formats, including high-quality SVG, PNG, EPS, and PDFs.Inkscape is an excellent choice for many users thanks to its: The ability to copy and paste vector paths.Support for editing any installed fonts, including right-to-left script.The ability to trace a raster image and turn it into a vector outline.This open-source graphic design software is compatible with Windows, Mac, and Linux operating systems. The software includes a set of vector design and typography tools used for logo design and more complex illustration projects. Graphic designers, artists, and students who may not need or cannot afford an Adobe Illustrator license may like Inkscape. ![]() The exact number of Inkscape users is unknown, as users can freely download, share, and modify the software. Inkscape is a free graphic design software program first released in 2003. If you don’t have a background in design, it'll probably be more cost-effective to hire an independent logo designer instead. The monthly subscription model and professional features mean that Illustrator is not the best choice for someone in need of a single logo. There are two subscription plans for Adobe Illustrator: It might not be a good fit for you due to its: Illustrator may not always be the right choice, depending on your needs.
![]() In addition to native integration for citation autocompletion with most L aT eX editors, there exist many user contributed scripts which make a wide range of bibliographic chores easy.įor online collaboration, BibDesk allows both bibliography sharing with your colleagues and export to HTML and RSS, so everybody can be up-to-date. It exports to standard bibliographic formats like RIS, BibT eX or EndNote and can also provide you with a PDF file or copy rich text to the clipboard that you can paste into your document. PubMed) using protocols like Z39.50 or Entrez.īibDesk helps you share and publish your bibliographic information. More advanced features are integration with online resources – which tries to extract bibliographic information from web pages – and direct access to the catalogues of libraries and other publication sites (e.g. These begin with simple text files and rich BibT eX and RIS files which you may already have or can download from many scientific web sites. If desired, BibDesk will automatically move and rename these files for you.īibDesk’s search field lets you quickly sift through your whole bibliography by instantaneously filtering all the entries for the terms you enter.Īdvanced options include full text search of all the PDF files associated to your bibliography entries and ‘smart groups’ which you can set up to always show the publications matching certain keywords.īibDesk comes with a wide range of import features. Please visit the BibDesk Wiki or follow the links below for additional information.īibDesk’s reference management begins with basic bibliographic data and goes forth to include details like the publication type, abstracts or links to web pages or local files – PDFs or any other kind – related to the publication. Any contributions to further its development are appreciated. ![]() BibDesk’s services will simplify using your bibliography in other applications and are particularly well suited for L AT EX users.īibDesk is developed as an open source project and available free of charge. It will keep track of both the bibliographic information and the associated files or web links for you. Use BibDesk to edit and manage your bibliography. At that point the project often migrates into other tools permanently, but depending on how you set things up, Scrivener can remain a "master copy" for a long time.įor LaTeX, generally people want to use \cite or use Scrivener's formatting? I think Scrivener converts that right? But I think you mentioned you use markdown and latex interchangeably since Scrivener parses this in the end as well? I do use pandoc for markdown to doc/pdf conversions, but I would just like to confirm if this is how Scrivener behaves.BibDesk ❧ Mac Bibliography Manager Downloads This would of course all be done on a compiled copy of the work, out of Scrivener. but some tools also have a command to do that formatting without a word processor. ![]() Later on one would use their word processor to convert the codes to formatted citations, depending on the stylesheet requirements, etc. Set your own, stable citation keys, drag and drop LaTeX citations, add other. Most of these kinds of tools offer some kind of placeholder replacement system, where you would copy the citation out of the software and paste a code into Scrivener (or any text editor really, it's a completely technology agnostic approach). You can either produce a bibliography by manually listing the entries of the bibliography or producing it automatically using the BibTeX program of LaTeX. Generate citation keys based on contents of your items using citekey formulas. If you already have a BibTeX database and are moving from hand-editing or another BibTeX editor, start at the Quick Start. Because it is a BibTeX editor, it is important to understand at least a few things about the BibTeX file format. For those working in fields that require word processors, they tend to use tools like Bookends, Endnote and Zotero. BibDesk 1.8.12 is a BibTeX editor and reference manager. One of the cool features of the hyperref package is that it will automatically link citations to their bibliography entry when you use the cite command. This file contains all the references in a specific format e.g. The fiddly bit is going back to those references and using proper LaTeX commands where necessary i.e. How people do citations depends on the workflow, largely. First create a file having an extension bib. Export the file as a BibTeX (.bib) database. ![]() ![]() Taper Fade Slick BackĪ tonsorial cornerstone of hipsters, mid-length, slicked-back locks, worn with an undercut, have long been a common sight in the coffee shops, pubs and record stores of east London. Blow-dry the hair while using the vented brush to style it up and back, then simply work your choice of styling product through the hair from root to tip, using the brush to whip it into shape. When it comes to styling, you’ll need a vented brush, hair dryer and either a pomade (slick finish) or textured paste/clay (matte finish). This has less to do with the length on top and is more about keeping the fade from growing out and looking unkempt. In order to keep things looking sharp, regular trips back to the barbershop are necessary. If in doubt, a photo always serves as a handy point of reference. Your barber will no doubt be familiar with the style, but you can still offer some guidance as to how drastic the fade should be. In recent years the pomp has been given another timely update via the taper fade, bringing a contemporary feel to a timeless look. The pompadour has been around for hundreds of years, but only in its shorter, more wearable form since around the 1950s. The Best Taper Fade Hairstyles For Men Taper Fade Pompadour The wedge-like outline it creates will only accentuate the forehead, making the difference in size between the top and bottom portions of the face even more pronounced. The short, closely cropped length at the sides has a slimming effect and, combined with some length through top, can drastically improve overall balance.Īs for who should avoid a taper fade, it’s best given a wide berth by those with heart-shaped faces. This also means they’re best avoided if your face happens to be a little on the long side the last thing you want to do is create additional length.įor the same reason, a taper fade lends itself particularly well to a rounder face. Lofty styles, like quiffs and pompadours, are better suited to oval, round or square faces, as they add height. Here we break down everything there is to know about the taper fade, including precisely what it is and why you should ask for one at your next haircut.īecause the taper fade can be deployed for such a vast array of men’s hairstyles, whether or not it will suit you has a lot to do with what you go for on top. ![]() This is a technique that can be incorporated into a wide variety of different hairstyles, offering an easy way to put a fresh spin on classic cuts. It’s a way of graduating through drastically different lengths of hair while ensuring the overall look remains balanced and smooth.īecause of this, it’s immensely versatile. This handy technique enables something as dramatic as a skin fade on the back and sides to be subtly worked into a much longer style – like a pompadour or Ivy League crop – up top. It’s a shift that has yielded sharper styles, cleaner lines and, most importantly, a way to seamlessly blend long hair into short hair without looking like you went to your mum for a bowl cut. As modern men have grown more interested in grooming, new cutting techniques, hair styling tricks and general tonsorial wizardry have become commonplace in the modern barbershop. Barbering has come on leaps and bounds over the past few decades. Join Betty to crack the conspiracy that starts with a bang and ends at 3 Minutes to Midnight. ![]() Betty Anderson can’t remember who she is, but she has bigger worrieslike a doomsday plot threatening to wipe out the human race. New episodes drop every Monday and Thursday. A comedy adventure with a sprawling story and colorful cast. 3 Minutes to Midnight Season: 3 Episode: 11 Air Date: J(Canada) J(US) Writer: Jonathan Lloyd Walker Director: David Frazee previous Revolutions Per Minute next The Dying Minutes 3 Minutes to Midnight is the eleventh episode of Season 3, and the 34th episode overall, of Continuum. We don't pretend to have the answers, but we do offer a space for real dialogue. The Gray Area is a philosophical take on culture, politics, and everything in between with host Sean Illing. Apple Podcasts | Google Podcasts | Spotify | Stitcher | TuneIn | Read show notes Avengers: Endgame premiered in Los Angeles on April 22, 2019, and was released in the United States on April 26, as part of Phase Three of the MCU. Today, Explained is now available to listen to on public radio stations across the US. Hosts Sean Rameswaram and Noel King will guide you through the most important stories of the day. Today, Explained is Vox's daily news explainer podcast. Give them a listen and follow via your favorite podcast app so you never miss an episode. From catching up on the most important news stories of the day to grappling with important discussions between deep thinkers to sparking curiosity about scientific mysteries, our podcasts offer an array of entry points to deeper understanding. 3 Minutes To Midnight - Official Trailer 18,528 views 2.1K Dislike Share GameSpot Trailers 952K subscribers Join Betty to crack the conspiracy that starts with a bang and ends at 3. ![]() The simplest formula is es/son + las + hour + number of minutes. ![]() Vox audio helps you understand the world. 2 Telling time in Spanish Explanation (Basic) 3 What is your name in Spanish. While I don’t see a huge amount of situations where I’d need that personally, I’m never one to complain about additional features. SafeInCloud is one of the few password managers I’ve seen that has actually developed a smartwatch companion to go along with their main mobile apps It does a good job of notifying you of the strength of your chosen passwords, allowing you to identify weak points in your online logins and correct them for greater security.Īs you can see in the picture below, you can set the desired length of your password (often important for business users and specific websites that value security), easily copy it, as well as generate a new one using the green arrow. SafeInCloud also comes with access to a password generator, allowing you to easily come up with very strong passwords The PC version of SafeInCloud can support as many passwords as you please, while you’ll need to pay for the Pro version of the mobile app to have unlimited password storage there. The program can import from a long list of password managers as well as your favorite browsers, allowing you to get your manager up and running in a matter of seconds and skipping the tedium of entering your logins manually. SafeInCloud may be your first password manager, but chances are that you have passwords saved in your browser. In addition to these operating systems you can store and access passwords on Mac and Android, as well as through popular browsers like Firefox, Chrome and Safari.Įach platform has a sync button that allows you to import your data from other versions of the program within seconds, no matter your chosen device. my testing was focused on Windows and iOS. SafeInCloud syncs seamlessly across your computer and mobile devices While you might get the most use out of the login template, it’s clear that SafeInCloud also offers a one-stop-shop for all of your sensitive details-each carefully laid out and organized. In the screenshot below, you can see the wide range of information that SafeInCloud can store, and each one has useful fields you can fill out for a clean and complete roundup of all of your important data. One of the features I found most useful with SafeInCloud was the ability to use templates in order to organize my various logins Let’s go over a few of the standout features that make SafeInCloud worth using. The main feature that SafeInCloud brings to the table is an easy way to keep track of your various login details around the web while ensuring that your passwords are strong enough to resist hacks. Read on to get the full scoop on where this password manager excels and where it falls short. I’ve reviewed almost 70 password managers in my quest to find the best of the best, bringing you an in-depth SafeInCloud review to see if it’s actually worth your time and money. The desktop version is free and the mobile versions are pretty inexpensive, but what’s the catch? You may want to look deeper into SafeInCloud before you make the decision to buy. SafeInCloud offers a cross-platform password manager that gives you the ability to improve the security of your logins around the web. ![]() ![]() ActiveState solves complex problems and produces cool and useful applications that help people live more productive and enjoyable lives. For more information, visit About ActiveStateĪctiveState creates professional software development tools, programming language distributions and business solutions for dynamic languages, and practical tools and applications for social networking platforms. Developers worldwide rely on ActivePerl's completeness and ease-of-use, while corporate users protect their infrastructure and stay competitive with quality-assured ActivePerl business solutions. The switch statement allows the programmer to write complicated decision tree logic in a straight forward manner.ĪctivePerl 5.10 is available now for free download atįor a full description of the new features, visit “Wow, this is exactly what I've been waiting for this whole year!” says a Perl developer on the ActiveState Programmer Network ().ĪctivePerl is the industry-standard Perl distribution, by ActiveState, available for Windows, Linux, Mac OS X, Solaris, AIX and HP-UX. It also helps writing polymorphic functions working on many different argument types.Īlso included in this release is the new switch statement that will smart-match a single expression repeatedly against a list of other expression until one matches. This provides much more concise syntax for many matching operations. “We have been looking forward to this release of ActivePerl 5.10.0 for some time, and with the 20th Anniversary of Perl, the timing couldn't be better”, says Jan Dubois, Senior Perl Developer at ActiveState “There are so many new features like the new switch statement and the regexp enhancement, and Beta feedback from the ActiveState Perl community has been really positive”.Īn exciting new feature of ActivePerl 5.10.0 Build 1001 is the new smart-matching operator, which compares two expressions with each other. The ActivePerl 5.10.0 Build 1001 is available now. Complete and ready-to-install, the free ActivePerl distribution includes core Perl, popular modules, the Perl Package Manager (PPM), and completeĭocumentation. Millions of developers worldwide rely on ActivePerl. Today also marks the 20th Anniversary of Perl, introduced on December 18, 1987, by Larry Wall. Vancouver, BC, December 20, 2007-(T-Net)-ActiveState, a leading provider of tools and services for dynamic languages, announced the release of ActivePerl 5.10.0 Build 1001, a ready-to-install Perl distribution for Windows, Mac OS X, Linux, Solaris, and AIX. Marty secretly follows the 1955 Biff and watches him receive the almanac from his 2015 self. Biff tries to kill Marty, but Marty flees and travels to 1955 with Doc. Doc deduces that old Biff took the time machine to give his younger self the almanac, and Marty learns from the alternate 1985 Biff that he received it on November 12, 1955. Doc has also been committed to a mental hospital. He has turned Hill Valley into a chaotic dystopia, secretly killed Marty's father, George, in 1973, and forced Marty's mother, Lorraine, to marry him. The 1985 they return to has changed dramatically, with Biff now one of the country's wealthiest and most corrupt men. Marty, Doc, and an unconscious Jennifer return to 1985, unaware of Biff's actions. ![]() While Marty and Doc attend to her, Biff steals the time machine to give the almanac to his younger self, then returns to 2015. Jennifer tries to escape the house but faints after encountering her 2015 self. She witnesses Marty being goaded by his co-worker, Douglas Needles, into a shady business deal, resulting in Marty's firing. She overhears that her future self's life with Marty is not what she expected, due to his involvement in an automobile accident. Jennifer wakes up in her 2015 home and hides from the McFly family. They pursue, as does the elderly Biff, who has overheard their conversation and retrieved the discarded almanac. Before Doc can adequately dispose of it, they are interrupted by the police, who have found Jennifer incapacitated and are taking her to her 2015 home. Doc discovers it and warns Marty about profiting from time travel. Before rejoining Doc, Marty purchases an almanac containing the results of major sporting events from 1950 to 2000. Griff and his gang are arrested, saving Marty's future children. and refuses Griff's offer, but Griff goads Marty into a fight, and a subsequent hoverboard chase ensues. to refuse an offer to participate in a robbery with Biff's grandson Griff, thus saving Marty Jr. He has Marty pose as his son and lookalike Marty Jr. They arrive on October 21, 2015, where Doc electronically incapacitates Jennifer and leaves her asleep in an alley, explaining that she should not have too much knowledge of future events. He persuades Marty McFly and his girlfriend, Jennifer Parker, to travel to the future with him and help their future children, with Biff Tannen witnessing their departure. Emmett "Doc" Brown arrives unexpectedly in the DeLorean time machine. The film initially received mixed reviews from critics and grossed over $332 million worldwide in its initial run, making it the third-highest-grossing film of 1989. In addition to digital compositing, ILM used the VistaGlide motion control camera system, which allowed an actor to portray multiple characters simultaneously on-screen without sacrificing camera movement.īack to the Future Part II was released by Universal Pictures on November 22, 1989. Back to the Future Part II was also a ground-breaking project for visual effects studio Industrial Light & Magic (ILM). Filming began in February 1989, after two years were spent building the sets and writing the scripts. The film was produced on a $40 million budget and was filmed back to back with its sequel Part III. ![]() ![]() When their arch-nemesis Biff Tannen (Wilson) steals Doc's DeLorean time machine and uses it to alter history for his benefit, the duo must return to 1955 to restore the timeline. Emmett "Doc" Brown (Lloyd) as they travel from 1985 to 2015 to prevent Marty's son from sabotaging the McFly family's future. It follows Marty McFly (Fox) and his friend Dr. Wilson with supporting roles by Elisabeth Shue (replacing Claudia Wells), and Jeffrey Weissman (replacing Crispin Glover). Fox, Christopher Lloyd, Lea Thompson, and Thomas F. It is the sequel to the 1985 film Back to the Future and the second installment in the Back to the Future franchise. Back to the Future Part II is a 1989 American science fiction film directed by Robert Zemeckis from a screenplay by Bob Gale and a story by both. Both ‘Valid’ and ‘Invalid (Length)’ categories together make up around 75% of all HSPs, which underlines that HSPs are not majorly associated with BGP prefix hijacks. The ‘Invalid (Origin)’ category contains only a small portion of the HSPs. The ‘Invalid (Length)’ category is the largest in IPv4 and IPv6. Invalid (Both): Neither prefix nor origin-AS matches the ROA entryĪs can be seen in Figure 3, we found a higher share of valid ROA entries for IPv6 (right) compared to IPv4 (left).Invalid (Origin): Matching prefix, but invalid origin-AS. ![]() Invalid (Length): Matching origin-AS, but invalid prefix length.We classified HSPs according to their Route Origin Validation (ROV) status into the following categories: We checked each HSP and its origin-AS against Route Origin Authorization (ROA) records using RPKI data. One protocol that aims at hindering prefix hijack attacks is the Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI). Next, we wanted to understand whether HSPs are associated with prefix hijacks or not. The small fraction of /113 – /128 HSP CIDR sizes are possibly associated with IPv6 BGP blackholing. The second largest group is the /29 – /30 CIDR size, a CIDR size used mainly by routing infrastructure (such as peering subnets).įor IPv6 (right), we observed that /49 – /64 is the dominant CIDR size, which we associate with address block assignment. For IPv4 (left), the /31 – /32 group forms the largest group of HSPs, which hints that possibly many IPv4 HSPs are associated with BGP blackholing. ![]() To identify the possible function of HSP, we used the fact that particular Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) sizes - the size of a prefix - can hint at the use case of HSPs.įigure 2 shows the number of HSPs, coloured by their respective CIDR size over time. We wanted to know whether HSPs are the result of an accidental internal route leakage due to configuration errors or if network operators intentionally advertise HSPs to the public Internet. Even though most of the HSPs propagate only locally (that is, to a few ASes), others are globally visible. We observed that some HSPs have a life span of less than a week, while others are visible throughout the year. The colour (or heat) of a cell represents the number of HSPs within it (using the log10 scale). ![]() Every heatmap cell represents 10 feeder ASes on the y-axis and two weeks duration on the x-axis. In Figure 1, the y-axis shows the visibility of an HSP (the maximum number of peer ASes that saw the prefix), and the x-axis represents the consistency (the duration of time an HSP was visible). Figure 1 - Heatmap showing HSP visibility and consistency for IPv4 (left) and IPv6 (right). We analysed BGP Routing Information Bases (RIBs) and updates for the entire year of 2020 and plotted them in Figure 1 with IPv4 (left) and IPv6 (right) heatmaps. Life span and propagation of HSPsįirst, we looked at how long HSPs are visible and how far they propagate in terms of the number of the peer ASes shown on route collectors. Using 11+ years of BGP data from these route collector projects, we at the Max-Planck Institute for Informatics took a closer look ( paper) at the prevalence of HSPs in the Internet to understand why they can be seen by collectors, and how we might handle them in the future. In reality, the route collectors from RIPE RIS and Routeviews saw around 100,000 IPv4 and 10,000 IPv6 HSPs (approximately 1/10 of all the prefixes they see) by the end of 2021. In theory, HSPs shall not appear in the public Internet routing ecosystem. We refer to the prefixes /25 to /32 in IPv4 and /49 to /128 in IPv6 as hyper-specific prefixes (HSPs). ![]() The BGP guidelines recommend rigorous filtering of prefixes more specific than /24 in IPv4 and /48 in IPv6. BGP configured routers can accept or reject incoming announcements based on their attributes, for example, their prefix, AS-PATH, or its attached BGP communities. These ASes use the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) to announce ranges of contiguous address space - also referred to as prefixes - to their peers. Today’s Internet is made up of interconnected Autonomous Systems (ASes). |
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